--- title: "Employers: What to Know about AI" description: "" url: "https://wimlaw.com/publications/newsletters/scotus-forced-design-same-sex-first-ammendment" date: "2026-05-30T11:49:49+00:00" language: "en-US" --- # Businesses Providing Expressive or Artistic Services Not Required to Provide Such Services to Same-sex Customers Written on August 02, 2023. *Tag(s):* [NLRB (National Labor Relations Board)](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_tags&view=tag&id%5B0%5D=62:nlrb), [August 2023 Newsletter](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_tags&view=tag&id%5B0%5D=100:august-2023-newsletter) ## Supreme Court Says Forcing Expressive Designs That Communicate Messages Violates the First Amendment In a case in which a website designer refused to make wedding websites for LGBTQ couples, the Supreme Court's 6-3 majority ruled that the First Amendment bars the government from forcing the designer to create expressive designs that communicate messages she disagrees with. *303 Creative LLC v. Aubrey Elenis*, Case No. 21-476 (June 30, 2023). Writing for the majority, Justice Gorsuch stated: "In this case, Colorado seeks to force an individual to speak in ways that align with its views but defy her conscience about a matter of major significance." The state had argued that it wasn't trying to regulate the web designer's speech, but only to regulate her conduct of denying services to same-sex couples that are otherwise available to the public, under the non-discrimination public accommodation concept. The Court rejected this view on the grounds that the state was attempting to use its anti-discrimination law "to compel an individual to create speech she does not believe." The case is reminiscent of a 2018 Supreme Court ruling where the Court found in favor of a Christian baker that had refused to make custom wedding cakes for same-sex couples, but the earlier ruling was on narrower grounds than the free speech Constitutional question. The Court further indicated that it is unconstitutional for the state to eliminate from the public square ideas that it dislikes, including the belief that marriage is the union of husband and wife. > *Editor's Note: To some extent, the case turns on the issue of whether in the concept of regulating conduct, the government can force a person to engage in certain type speech. One wonders whether this concept may play a role in the current litigation over the so-called "captive audience" issue. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) General Counsel wants to prohibit mandatory employer meetings in which a presentation is given discouraging unionization. The NLRB General Counsel contends that it is not regulating the employer's speech, only its conduct in requiring employees to hear such speech. Sometimes cases like this have broad ramifications beyond the factual context in which the precedent-setting case arose.* This article is part of our August 2023 Newsletter. [View newsletter online](https://wimlaw.com/tags/august-2023-newsletter)[ ](https://wimlaw.com/contact)[Download the newsletter as a PDF](https://wimlaw.com/images/2023/08/2023-08-wim-law-newsletter.pdf) - [](https://x.com/intent/post?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwimlaw.com%2Fpublications%2Fnewsletters%2Fscotus-forced-design-same-sex-first-ammendment.md&text=) - [](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwimlaw.com%2Fpublications%2Fnewsletters%2Fscotus-forced-design-same-sex-first-ammendment.md) - [](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwimlaw.com%2Fpublications%2Fnewsletters%2Fscotus-forced-design-same-sex-first-ammendment.md) - [](mailto:?subject=Businesses%20Providing%20Expressive%20or%20Artistic%20Services%20Not%20Required%20to%20Provide%20Such%20Services%20to%20Same-sex%20Customers) ## Related Content [ ![discarded papers](https://wimlaw.com/media/yootheme/cache/36/steve-a-johnson-Kr8Tc8Rugdk-unsplash-3649e9e3.jpg) ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1577:card-check-bargaining-rejected-appellate&catid=53) ### [Card Check Bargaining Order Theory Rejected by Appellate Court ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1577:card-check-bargaining-rejected-appellate&catid=53) [Employment Law Newsletter: A Monthly Report On Labor Law Issues](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=53) [Read more](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1577:card-check-bargaining-rejected-appellate&catid=53) [ ![be reasonable](https://wimlaw.com/media/yootheme/cache/a3/victor-3YW2jxSblE8-unsplash-a34e1755.jpg) ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1578:nlrb-interpret-employer-policies-reasonable&catid=53) ### [NLRB Efforts to Interpret Employer Policies in a More Reasonable Manner](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1578:nlrb-interpret-employer-policies-reasonable&catid=53) [Employment Law Newsletter: A Monthly Report On Labor Law Issues](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=53) [Read more](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1578:nlrb-interpret-employer-policies-reasonable&catid=53) [ ![journal notebook](https://wimlaw.com/media/yootheme/cache/53/jan-kahanek-g3O5ZtRk2E4-unsplash-53b1d852.jpg) ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1575:nlrb-employer-rule&catid=53) ### [Updates on NLRB Joint Employer Rule](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1575:nlrb-employer-rule&catid=53) [Employment Law Newsletter: A Monthly Report On Labor Law Issues](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=53) [Read more](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1575:nlrb-employer-rule&catid=53) ## Get Email Updates Receive newsletters and alerts directly in your email inbox. Sign up below. ## Recent Content [ Employment Law Newsletter: A Monthly Report On Labor Law Issues ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=53) [ ![ai, human reach out](https://wimlaw.com/media/yootheme/cache/f1/igor-omilaev-FHgWFzDDAOs-unsplash-f12346e8.jpg) ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1582:fcra-litigation-challenges-employers-ai-hiring&catid=53)### [FCRA Litigation Challenges Employers’ Use of AI Hiring Platforms](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1582:fcra-litigation-challenges-employers-ai-hiring&catid=53) [Employment Law Newsletter: A Monthly Report On Labor Law Issues](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=53) A January 20, 2026, class action filed against Eightfold AI, Inc. in California is sending shockwaves through the employer and AI community… [Read more](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1582:fcra-litigation-challenges-employers-ai-hiring&catid=53) [ ![danger sign, skull](https://wimlaw.com/media/yootheme/cache/01/mikael-seegen-jX6WXNkvsPs-unsplash-01c1ebef.jpg) ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1584:ai-research-discovery-requests-dangers&catid=53)### [The Dangers of Employers Using AI Research Tools as to Discovery Requests from Plaintiffs](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1584:ai-research-discovery-requests-dangers&catid=53) [Employment Law Newsletter: A Monthly Report On Labor Law Issues](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=53) A second “bombshell” affecting HR pertaining to AI is a federal court ruling in New York, that a defendant’s use of AI in researching and p… [Read more](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1584:ai-research-discovery-requests-dangers&catid=53) [ ![CHAT GPT](https://wimlaw.com/media/yootheme/cache/64/emiliano-vittoriosi-fvxNerA8uk0-unsplash-64a16be4.jpg) ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1585:ai-employer-protection&catid=53)### [Two Subsequent Cases Protect Defendant’s Use of AI as Subject to Work-product Protection](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1585:ai-employer-protection&catid=53) [Employment Law Newsletter: A Monthly Report On Labor Law Issues](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=53) Soon after the deciding of the above-discussed case on February 17, 2026, in U.S. v. Heppner, a criminal case in the District Court for the… [Read more](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1585:ai-employer-protection&catid=53) [ ![avoid, wave away](https://wimlaw.com/media/yootheme/cache/6f/priscilla-du-preez-NQTphr4Pr60-unsplash-6fb4df83.jpg) ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1586:employer-avoid-waiving-privileges-ai-research&catid=53)### [Is There Anything an Employer Can Do to Avoid Waiving Privileges in Using AI Research Tools?](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1586:employer-avoid-waiving-privileges-ai-research&catid=53) [Employment Law Newsletter: A Monthly Report On Labor Law Issues](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=53) There are no easy answers to the above question, but some general observations will nevertheless be made. First, the New York district cou… [Read more](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1586:employer-avoid-waiving-privileges-ai-research&catid=53) [ ![ai visualization](https://wimlaw.com/media/yootheme/cache/45/milad-fakurian-5yWtM3M3JKM-unsplash-45306e6d.jpg) ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1587:ai-legal-recommendations&catid=53)### [Suggestions on Use of AI](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1587:ai-legal-recommendations&catid=53) [Employment Law Newsletter: A Monthly Report On Labor Law Issues](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=53) Perhaps the starting point is to look at the type of AI platforms generally available. At a recent conference about AI use for HR, speaker… [Read more](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1587:ai-legal-recommendations&catid=53) [ ![june 2026 legal immigration webinar promo graphic](https://wimlaw.com/media/yootheme/cache/45/june-2026-webinar-immigration-453d45bc.jpg) ](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1583:worksite-enforcement-tps-parole&catid=221)### [Worksite Enforcement and TPS and Parole Status Update](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1583:worksite-enforcement-tps-parole&catid=221) [Webinars: Employment Law "Hot Topics"](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=221) The webinar will cover how to deal with a worksite enforcement action and various types of immigration enforcement activities. The webinar… [Read more](https://wimlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1583:worksite-enforcement-tps-parole&catid=221) ### Additional Legal Resources [### Newsletter Explore ](https://wimlaw.com/publications/newsletters) [### Books Explore ](https://wimlaw.com/publications/books) [### Alerts Explore ](https://wimlaw.com/alerts) [### Articles Explore ](https://wimlaw.com/articles) [### Audits Explore ](https://wimlaw.com/audits) [### Events Explore ](https://wimlaw.com/events) ## Schema ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://wimlaw.com" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Publications", "item": "https://wimlaw.com/publications" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Newsletters", "item": "https://wimlaw.com/publications/newsletters" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Businesses Providing Expressive or Artistic Services Not Required to Provide Such Services to Same-sex Customers", "item": "https://wimlaw.com/publications/newsletters/scotus-forced-design-same-sex-first-ammendment" } ] } ```